Probing black holes at low redshift using LISA EMRI observations

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how LISA's observations of extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) can be used to probe low-redshift black holes, providing population estimates, detection capabilities, and implications for galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It offers a detailed model of LISA's EMRI detection rates, including fitting functions for detection probability and an assessment framework for galaxy evolution constraints.

Findings

LISA is expected to observe tens to hundreds of EMRIs at low redshift.

Detection rates vary significantly with assumptions about black hole populations.

The study provides tools to estimate event rates for different galaxy evolution models.

Abstract

One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) are the inspirals of approximately solar mass compact objects into massive black holes in the centres of galaxies - extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs). LISA should observe between a few tens and a few hundred EMRIs over the mission lifetime, mostly at low redshifts (z < 1). Each observation will provide a measurement of the parameters of the host system to unprecendented precision. LISA EMRI observations will thus offer a new and unique way to probe black holes at low redshift. In this article we provide a description of the population of EMRI events that LISA is likely to observe, and describe how the numbers of events vary with changes in the underlying assumptions about the black hole population. We also provide fitting functions that characterise LISA's ability to detect EMRIs and which will allow LISA event rates to be computed for arbitrary population models. We finish with a discussion of an ongoing programme that will use these results to assess what constraints LISA observations could place on galaxy evolution models.