Spontaneous violation of chiral symmetry in QCD vacuum is the origin of baryon masses and determines baryon magnetic moments and their other static properties

TL;DR

This paper reviews how spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the QCD vacuum explains baryon masses and magnetic moments, providing calculations based on quark condensates and vacuum susceptibilities.

Contribution

It demonstrates the link between chiral symmetry breaking and baryon properties, introducing vacuum expectation values induced by external fields for calculating magnetic moments.

Findings

Baryon masses are derived from quark condensates.

Magnetic moments of nucleons and hyperons are calculated.

Baryon $eta$-decay constants are estimated.

Abstract

A short review is presented of the spontaneous violation of chiral symmetry in QCD vacuum. It is demonstrated, that this phenomenon is the origin of baryon masses in QCD. The value of nucleon mass is calculated as well as the masses of hyperons and some baryonic resonances and expressed mainly through the values of quark condensates -- $<0\mid \bar{q} q \mid 0>, ~q=u,d,s$ -- the vacuum expectation values (v.e.v.) of quark field. The concept of vacuum expectation values induced by external fields is introduced. It is demonstrated that such v.e.v. induced by static electromagnetic field results in quark condensate magnetic susceptibility, which plays the main role in determination of baryon magnetic moments. The magnetic moments of proton, neutron and hyperons are calculated. The results of calculation of baryon octet $\beta$-decay constants are also presented.