Evidence for Blue Straggler Stars Rejuvenating the Integrated Spectra of Globular Clusters

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that blue straggler stars significantly influence the integrated spectra of globular clusters, leading to potential underestimations of their true ages when using spectroscopic methods.

Contribution

It reveals a direct correlation between blue straggler star frequency and apparent spectroscopic ages, highlighting a fundamental limit on age determination accuracy.

Findings

Higher BSS ratios correspond to younger spectroscopic ages.

BSS presence causes scatter in spectroscopic age estimates.

BSS frequency limits age accuracy for stellar systems.

Abstract

Integrated spectroscopy is the method of choice for deriving the ages of unresolved stellar systems. However, hot stellar evolutionary stages, such as hot horizontal branch stars and blue straggler stars (BSSs), can affect the integrated ages measured using Balmer lines. Such hot, "non-canonical" stars may lead to overestimations of the temperature of the main sequence turn-off, and therefore underestimations of the integrated age of a stellar population. Using an optimized Hbeta index in conjunction with HST/WFPC2 color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), we show that Galactic globular clusters exhibit a large scatter in their apparent "spectroscopic" ages, which does not correspond to that in their CMD-derived ages. We find for the first time that the specific frequency of BSSs, defined within the same aperture as the integrated spectra, shows a clear correspondence with Hbeta in the sense that, at fixed metallicity, higher BSS ratios lead to younger "apparent" spectroscopic ages. Thus, the specific frequency of BSSs in globular clusters sets a fundamental limit on the accuracy for which spectroscopic ages can be determined for globular clusters, and maybe for other stellar systems like galaxies. The observational implications of this result are discussed.