Characterization of phase transition in Heisenberg mixtures from density functional theory

TL;DR

This study uses density functional theory to analyze phase transitions in Heisenberg mixtures, identifying different instability lines and their characteristics in various thermodynamic conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a mean-field density functional approach to characterize phase instabilities and spinodal lines in Heisenberg mixture fluids, highlighting the role of eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Findings

Identification of a Curie line with pure magnetization transition

Discovery of a mixed spinodal involving density, concentration, and magnetization

Different topologies of spinodal diagrams depending on fixed parameters

Abstract

The phase transition of hard-sphere Heisenberg and Neutral Hard spheres mixture fluids has been investigated with the density functional theory in mean-field approximation (MF). The matrix of second derivatives of the grand canonical potential $\Omega$ with respect to the total density, concentration, and the magnetization fluctuations has been investigated and diagonalized. The zero of the smallest eigenvalue $\lambda_s$ signalizes the phase instability and the related eigenvector $\textbf{x}_s$ characterizes this phase transition. We find a Curie line where the order parameter is pure magnetization and a mixed spinodal where the order parameter is a mixture of total density, concentration, and magnetization. Although in the fixed total number density or temperature sections the obtained spinodal diagrams are quite similar topology, the predominant phase instabilities are considerable different by analyzing $\textbf{x}_s$ in density-concentration-magnetization fluctuations space. Furthermore the spinodal diagrams in the different fixed concentration are topologically different.