Beam dynamics and wake-field simulations for high gradient ILC linacs

TL;DR

This paper presents detailed simulations of higher order modes and wakefields in superconducting cavities for the ILC, focusing on their impact on beam stability and emittance at high gradients.

Contribution

It introduces advanced simulation methods for analyzing HOMs and wakefields in specific cavity designs to optimize high-gradient accelerator performance.

Findings

HOMs can cause significant emittance dilution at high gradients.

Simulations show the importance of cavity design in mitigating wakefield effects.

Results inform design improvements for stable high-gradient operation.

Abstract

Higher order modes (HOMs) are simulated with finite element and finite difference computer codes for the ILC superconducting cavities. In particular, HOMs in KEK's Ichiro type of cavity and Cornell University's Reentrant design are focused on in this work. The aim, at these universities and laboratories, is to achieve an accelerating gradient in excess of 50 MV/m in 9-cell superconducting cavities whilst maintaining a high quality and stable electron beam. At these gradients, electrical breakdown is an important cause for concern and the wakefields excited by the energetic electron beams are also potentially damaging to the beam's emittance. Here we restrict the analysis to performing detailed simulations, on emittance dilution due to beams initially injected with realistic offsets from the electrical centre of the cavities. We take advantage of the latest beam dynamics codes in order to perform these simulations.