Field induced magnetic order in the frustrated magnet Gadolinium Gallium Garnet

TL;DR

This study investigates how an external magnetic field induces complex magnetic order in the frustrated magnet Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG), revealing a rich phase diagram with multiple magnetic states and competing interactions.

Contribution

The paper provides detailed neutron diffraction measurements showing the complex field-induced magnetic phases and the interplay of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders in GGG.

Findings

Magnetic peaks change intensity with field, indicating multiple magnetic phases.

Antiferromagnetic order peaks at intermediate fields and vanish above 2 T.

Ferromagnetic peaks saturate at high fields, showing field-induced magnetic order.

Abstract

Gd3Ga5O12, (GGG), has an extraordinary magnetic phase diagram, where no long range order is found down to 25 mK despite \Theta_CW \approx 2 K. However, long range order is induced by an applied field of around 1 T. Motivated by recent theoretical developments and the experimental results for a closely related hyperkagome system, we have performed neutron diffraction measurements on a single crystal sample of GGG in an applied magnetic field. The measurements reveal that the H-T phase diagram of GGG is much more complicated than previously assumed. The application of an external field at low T results in an intensity change for most of the magnetic peaks which can be divided into three distinct sets: ferromagnetic, commensurate antiferromagnetic, and incommensurate antiferromagnetic. The ferromagnetic peaks (e.g. (112), (440) and (220)) have intensities that increase with the field and saturate at high field. The antiferromagnetic reflections have intensities that grow in low fields, reach a maximum at an intermediate field (apart from the (002) peak which shows two local maxima) and then decrease and disappear above 2 T. These AFM peaks appear, disappear and reach maxima in different fields. We conclude that the competition between magnetic interactions and alternative ground states prevents GGG from ordering in zero field. It is, however, on the verge of ordering and an applied magnetic field can be used to crystallise ordered components. The range of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic propagation vectors found reflects the complex frustration in GGG.