On the accuracy of the high redshift cluster luminosity function

TL;DR

This study assesses the reliability of the statistical background subtraction method for determining the Ks-band luminosity function of high-redshift galaxy clusters, highlighting the importance of redshift information and sample size for accurate parameter estimation.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the uncertainties in luminosity function parameters and quantifies the sample size needed for precise formation redshift estimates at z~1.

Findings

Adding photometric redshift information improves parameter accuracy.

Fixing the faint-end slope reduces uncertainties in Ks*.

A sample of 520 clusters is needed for 2 Gyr formation redshift precision.

Abstract

We study the reliability of the statistical background subtraction method for computing the Ks-band luminosity function of cluster galaxies at z~1 using mock Red-sequence Cluster Survey cluster catalogues constructed from GALFORM semi-analytic galaxies. The underlying cluster luminosity function in the mocks are compatible with recent estimates at z~1 by several authors. We simulate different samples where the number of clusters with Ks-band photometry goes from 5 to a maximum of 50, in order to find the most suitable observational sample to carry out this study; the current observational status in the nIR wavelength range has been reached using 5 real clusters at z~1. We compute the composite luminosity function for several samples of galaxy clusters with masses 1.5x10^14 M_sun assuming a flux limited, complete sample of galaxies down to Ks=21.0 magnitudes. We find that the Schechter fit parameters Ks* and alpha for a sample of galaxies with no redshift information are rather poorly constrained if both parameters are allowed to vary freely; if alpha is fixed at a fiducial value, then Ks* shows significantly improved stochastic uncertainties but can be influenced by systematic deviations. We find a significantly improved accuracy in the luminosity function parameters when adding photometric redshift information for bright cluster galaxies. The dwarf-to-giant ratios inferred from the luminosity functions of red-sequence galaxies in the mock catalogue agree very well with the underlying values. Finally, we find that in order to use estimates of Ks* to study the formation redshift of cluster galaxies at z=1, the sample would need to contain 520 z~1 clusters, for an accuracy of 2 Gyr at the 68 per cent confidence level.