Rapidly detecting disorder in rhythmic biological signals: A spectral entropy measure to identify cardiac arrhythmias

TL;DR

This paper introduces a spectral entropy measure for quickly detecting cardiac arrhythmias, achieving high accuracy within seconds, and highlights its potential for rapid disorder detection in various biological signals.

Contribution

The study presents a novel spectral entropy-based method for real-time arrhythmia detection, demonstrating rapid and accurate classification of cardiac rhythms.

Findings

Achieves 85.7% accuracy within 6 seconds

Provides a rapid detection method with response times as low as 6 seconds

Potential applicability to other rhythmic biological signals

Abstract

We consider the use of a running measure of power spectrum disorder to distinguish between the normal sinus rhythm of the heart and two forms of cardiac arrhythmia: atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. This spectral entropy measure is motivated by characteristic differences in the spectra of beat timings during the three rhythms. We plot patient data derived from ten-beat windows on a "disorder map" and identify rhythm-defining ranges in the level and variance of spectral entropy values. Employing the spectral entropy within an automatic arrhythmia detection algorithm enables the classification of periods of atrial fibrillation from the time series of patients' beats. When the algorithm is set to identify abnormal rhythms within 6 s it agrees with 85.7% of the annotations of professional rhythm assessors; for a response time of 30 s this becomes 89.5%, and with 60 s it is 90.3%. The algorithm provides a rapid way to detect atrial fibrillation, demonstrating usable response times as low as 6 s. Measures of disorder in the frequency domain have practical significance in a range of biological signals: the techniques described in this paper have potential application for the rapid identification of disorder in other rhythmic signals.