Deterministic entanglement of ions in thermal states of motion

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a fast, high-fidelity entangling gate for ions in thermal motion, showing it does not require ground state cooling, with potential implications for scalable quantum computing.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental evidence that entangling ions in thermal states is feasible without ground state cooling, using a bichromatic laser and pulse shaping.

Findings

Bell state fidelity of 0.974 achieved with thermal ions

Entangling gates operate effectively without ground state cooling

High-fidelity entanglement maintained over multiple gate operations

Abstract

We give a detailed description of the implementation of a Molmer-Sorensen gate entangling two Ca+ ions using a bichromatic laser beam near-resonant with a quadrupole transition. By amplitude pulse shaping and compensation of AC-Stark shifts we achieve a fast gate operation without compromising the error rate. Subjecting different input states to concatenations of up to 21 individual gate operations reveals Bell state fidelities above 0.80. In principle, the entangling gate does not require ground state cooling of the ions as long as the Lamb-Dicke criterion is fulfilled. We present the first experimental evidence for this claim and create Bell states with a fidelity of 0.974(1) for ions in a thermal state of motion with a mean phonon number of <n>=20(2) in the mode coupling to the ions' internal states.