Brachistochrones With Loose Ends

TL;DR

This paper explores the generalized brachistochrone problem with free endpoints, offering solutions via variational calculus and symmetry, aiming to enhance teaching and understanding of variational problems with boundary conditions.

Contribution

It introduces a simplified approach to the generalized brachistochrone problem with free endpoints, contrasting formal and intuitive solutions, and encourages educational integration.

Findings

Formal solutions involve variations with varying endpoints.

Symmetry and kinematic reasoning provide simpler solutions.

The approach promotes intuitive understanding of variational problems.

Abstract

The classical problem of the brachistochrone asks for the curve down which a body sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in least time. In undergraduate courses on classical mechanics, the solution of this problem is the primary example of the power of the variational calculus. Here we address the generalized brachistochrone problem that asks for the fastest sliding curve between a point and a given curve or between two given curves. The generalized problem can be solved by considering variations with varying endpoints. We will contrast the formal solution with a much simpler solution based on symmetry and kinematic reasoning. Our exposition should encourage teachers to include variational problems with free boundary conditions in their courses and students to try simple, intuitive solutions first.