Dissipative quantum dynamics in low-energy collisions of complex nuclei

TL;DR

This paper models how environmental effects cause decoherence and energy dissipation in low-energy nuclear collisions, impacting quantum tunneling and fusion processes.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical solution to the Liouville-von Neumann equation for dissipative nuclear collision dynamics, incorporating irreversible environmental couplings.

Findings

Decoherence and dissipation are clearly demonstrated in the model.

Energy loss from vibrational states hinders quantum tunneling.

Dissipative effects influence fusion probabilities.

Abstract

Model calculations that include the effects of irreversible, environmental couplings on top of a coupled-channels dynamical description of the collision of two complex nuclei are presented. The Liouville-von Neumann equation for the time-evolution of the density matrix of a dissipative system is solved numerically providing a consistent transition from coherent to decoherent (and dissipative) dynamics during the collision. Quantum decoherence and dissipation are clearly manifested in the model calculations. Energy dissipation, due to the irreversible decay of giant-dipole vibrational states of the colliding nuclei, is shown to result in a hindrance of quantum tunneling and fusion.