Exploring the Virgo Stellar Stream with SEKBO Survey RR Lyrae Stars

TL;DR

This study maps the Virgo Stellar Stream using RR Lyrae stars from the SEKBO survey, revealing its extent, velocity structure, and possible association with the Sagittarius tidal tail, thereby enhancing understanding of Galactic halo substructures.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed mapping of the VSS's southern extent and velocity distribution using RR Lyrae stars, combining observational data with Galactic models.

Findings

VSS spans approximately 760 square degrees.

Detected two velocity peaks indicating possible multiple stellar populations.

Extended the known boundary of the VSS to lower declinations.

Abstract

A subset of the RR Lyrae (RRL) candidates identified from the Southern Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Object (SEKBO) survey data has been followed up photometrically (n=106) and spectroscopically (n=51). Period and light curve fitting reveals a 24 +/_ 7% contamination of SEKBO survey data by non-RRLs. This paper focuses on the region of the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS), particularly on its extension to the South of the declination limits of the SDSS and of the QUEST RRL survey. The distribution of radial velocities in the Galactic standard of rest frame (V_GSR) for the 11 RRLs observed in the VSS region has two apparent peaks. The larger peak coincides with the four RRLs having <V_GSR>=127 +/_ 10 kms-1 and dispersion sigma=27 kms-1, marginally larger than that expected from the errors alone. The two type ab RRLs in this group have <[Fe/H]>=-1.95 +/_ 0.1. Both the radial velocities and metal abundances are consistent with membership in the VSS. The second velocity peak, which occurs at <V_GSR>=-175 +/_ 10 kms-1 may indicate the presence of stars from the Sgr leading tidal tail, which is expected to have large negative velocities in this region. We explore the extent of the VSS by constructing luminosity functions from the SEKBO data and comparing them to data synthesized with the Besancon Galactic model. Analysis of the excess over the model predictions reveals the VSS as a large (~760 deg^2) overdensity centered at roughly (RA, Dec) ~ (186deg, -4deg), spanning a length of ~15 kpc in projection, assuming a heliocentric distance of 19kpc. The data reveal for the first time the more southern regions of the stream and trace it to Dec ~ -15deg and Galactic latitudes as low as b ~ 45deg.