Stable and "bounded excursion" gravastars, and black holes in Einstein's theory of gravity

TL;DR

This paper constructs and analyzes dynamical models of gravastars with thin shells, identifying conditions for stable, oscillating, or collapsing configurations within Einstein's gravity, and compares their phase space to black holes.

Contribution

It introduces new dynamical models of gravastars with specific equations of state, revealing conditions for stability and bounded excursions distinct from black hole formation.

Findings

Stable gravastars exist for certain parameters when b3 < 1 and b1 e0 0;

Bounded excursion gravastars oscillate between finite radii under specific conditions;

Black holes dominate the phase space compared to gravastars.

Abstract

Dynamical models of prototype gravastars are constructed and studied. The models are the Visser-Wiltshire three-layer gravastars, in which an infinitely thin spherical shell of a perfect fluid with the equation of state $p = (1-\gamma)\sigma$ divides the whole spacetime into two regions, where the internal region is de Sitter, and the external is Schwarzschild. When $\gamma < 1$ and $\Lambda \not= 0$, it is found that in some cases the models represent stable gravastars, and in some cases they represent "bounded excursion" stable gravastars, where the thin shell is oscillating between two finite radii, while in some other cases they collapse until the formation of black holes. However, when $\gamma \ge 1$, even with $\Lambda \not= 0$, only black holes are found. In the phase space, the region for both stable gravastars and "bounded excursion" gravastars is very small in comparison to that of black holes, although it is not completely empty.