Tetraquark spectroscopy

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive, model-independent classification of tetraquark states, constructs explicit wave functions, and estimates their spectrum using a generalized mass formula, linking theory with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a complete, symmetry-based classification scheme for tetraquarks and applies a generalized mass formula to predict their spectrum, including the diquark-antidiquark limit.

Findings

Identified ground state tetraquark nonet with specific mesons.

Predicted mass splittings consistent with experimental data.

Provided explicit wave functions for tetraquark states.

Abstract

A complete classification of tetraquark states in terms of the spin-flavor, color and spatial degrees of freedom was constructed. The permutational symmetry properties of both the spin-flavor and orbital parts of the quark-quark and antiquark-antiquark subsystems are discussed. This complete classification is general and model-independent, and is useful both for model-builders and experimentalists. The total wave functions are also explicitly constructed in the hypothesis of ideal mixing; this basis for tetraquark states will enable the eigenvalue problem to be solved for a definite dynamical model. This is also valid for diquark-antidiquark models, for which the basis is a subset of the one we have constructed. An evaluation of the tetraquark spectrum is obtained from the Iachello mass formula for normal mesons, here generalized to tetraquark systems. This mass formula is a generalizazion of the Gell-Mann Okubo mass formula, whose coefficients have been upgraded by means of the latest PDG data. The ground state tetraquark nonet was identified with $f_{0}(600)$, $\kappa(800)$, $f_{0}(980)$, $a_{0}(980)$. The mass splittings predicted by this mass formula are compared to the KLOE, Fermilab E791 and BES experimental data. The diquark-antidiquark limit was also studied.