Thermoballistic spin-polarized electron transport in paramagnetic semiconductors

TL;DR

This paper develops a thermoballistic model for spin-polarized electron transport in paramagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors, incorporating spin relaxation and band splitting effects, and applies it to heterostructures, bridging ballistic and diffusive regimes.

Contribution

It extends previous thermoballistic models to include arbitrary spin splitting and provides a unified approach for spin transport in paramagnetic DMS under magnetic fields.

Findings

The model accurately describes spin polarization and magnetoresistance in DMS/NMS/DMS heterostructures.

Results agree with drift-diffusion models in the limit of small momentum relaxation length.

The approach unifies ballistic and diffusive transport mechanisms for spin-polarized electrons.

Abstract

Spin-polarized electron transport in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) in the paramagnetic phase is described within the thermoballistic transport model. In this (semiclassical) model, the ballistic and diffusive transport mechanisms are unified in terms of a thermoballistic current in which electrons move ballistically across intervals enclosed between arbitrarily distributed points of local thermal equilibrium. The contribution of each interval to the current is governed by the momentum relaxation length. Spin relaxation is assumed to take place during the ballistic electron motion. In paramagnetic DMS exposed to an external magnetic field, the conduction band is spin-split due to the giant Zeeman effect. In order to deal with this situation, we extend our previous formulation of thermoballistic spin-polarized transport so as to take into account an arbitrary (position-dependent) spin splitting of the conduction band. The current and density spin polarizations as well as the magnetoresistance are each obtained as the sum of an equilibrium term determined by the spin-relaxed chemical potential, and an off-equilibrium contribution expressed in terms of a spin transport function that is related to the splitting of the spin-resolved chemical potentials. The procedures for the calculation of the spin-relaxed chemical potential and of the spin transport function are outlined. As an illustrative example, we apply the thermoballistic description to spin-polarized transport in DMS/NMS/DMS heterostructures formed of a nonmagnetic semiconducting sample (NMS) sandwiched between two DMS layers. We evaluate the current spin polarization and the magnetoresistance for this case and, in the limit of small momentum relaxation length, find our results to agree with those of the standard drift-diffusion approch to electron transport.