Analytic solution for electrons and holes in graphene under electromagnetic radiation: gap appearance and non-linear current effects

TL;DR

This paper derives an exact analytical solution for electrons and holes in graphene under electromagnetic radiation, revealing a radiation-dependent energy gap and non-linear current behavior, advancing understanding of graphene's optoelectronic properties.

Contribution

It provides the first exact solution combining Floquet theory and trial functions to analyze graphene's carriers under radiation, showing gap opening and non-linear currents.

Findings

Energy gap depends on radiation frequency and intensity

Current exhibits strong non-linear behavior

Exact spectrum obtained without approximations

Abstract

We find the exact solution of graphene s carriers under electromagnetic radiation. To obtain such solution, we combine Floquet theory with a trial solution. Then the energy spectrum is obtained without using any approximation. Using such results, we prove that the energy spectrum presents a gap opening which depends on de radiation frequency and electric wave intensity, whereas the current shows a strongly non-linear behaviour.