First 450-micron dust continuum mapping of the massive star-forming region NGC 3576 with the P-ArTeMiS bolometer camera

TL;DR

This study presents the first 450-micron dust continuum map of NGC 3576, identifying seven massive protostellar sources and analyzing their evolutionary stages, advancing understanding of early high-mass star formation.

Contribution

First 450-micron dust continuum map of NGC 3576, identifying and classifying massive protostellar sources and their evolutionary stages.

Findings

Seven massive protostellar sources identified.

Sources likely to evolve into 15-50 Msun stars.

Four candidate high-mass Class 0 objects.

Abstract

Context: The earliest phases of massive star formation are currently much debated. Aims. In an effort to make progress, we took a census of Class0-like protostellar dense cores in the NGC 3576 region, one of the nearest and most luminous embedded sites of high-mass star formation in the Galaxy. Methods: We used the P-ArTeMiS bolometer camera on the APEX telescope to produce the first 450-micron dust continuum map of the filamentary dense clump associated with NGC 3576. Results: Combining our 450-micron observations with existing data at other wavelengths, we have identified seven massive protostellar sources along the NGC 3576 filament and placed them in the M_env - L_bol evolutionary diagram for protostars. Conclusions: Comparison with theoretical evolutionary tracks suggests that these seven protostellar sources will evolve into massive stars with masses M* ~ 15-50 Msun. Four sources are classified as candidate high-mass Class 0 objects, two sources as massive Class I objects, and one source appears to be at an intermediate stage.