The Centrality Dependence of the Parton Bubble Model for high energy heavy ion collisions and fireball surface substructure at RHIC

TL;DR

This paper extends a QCD-inspired parton bubble model to analyze how bubble formation on the fireball surface varies with collision centrality at RHIC, revealing their correlation with elliptic flow and energy density.

Contribution

The model is expanded to include centrality dependence, linking bubble formation to energy density and elliptic flow, and aligning with new experimental data across a wide centrality range.

Findings

Bubbles are prominent in central collisions and diminish towards peripheral collisions.

Bubble formation correlates strongly with elliptic flow patterns.

Model achieves within a few percent accuracy of experimental correlations.

Abstract

In an earlier paper we developed a QCD inspired theoretical parton bubble model (PBM) for RHIC/LHC. The PBM quantitatively agreed with the strong charged particle pair correlations observed by the STAR collaboration at RHIC in the highest energy Au + Au central collisions, and also agreed with the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) observed small final state source size approximately 2f radii in the transverse momentum range above 0.8 GeV/c. The model assumed a substructure of a ring of localized adjoining 2f radius bubbles(gluonic hot spots) perpendicular to the collider beam direction, centered on the beam, at mid-rapidity and located on the expanding fireball surface of the Au + Au collisions. In this paper we extend the model (PBME) to include the changing development of bubbles with centrality from the most central region where bubbles are very important to the most peripheral where the bubbles are gone. Energy density is found to be related to bubble formation and as centrality decreases the maximum energy density and bubbles shift from symmetry around the beam axis to the reaction plane region causing a strong correlation of bubble formation with elliptic flow. We obtained reasonably quantitative agreement (within a few percent of the total correlations) with a new precision RHIC experiment which extended the centrality region investigated to the range 0-80% (most central to most peripheral). The characteristics and behavior of the bubbles imply they represent a significant substructure formed on the surface of the fireball at kinetic freezeout