Optical frequency synthesis and measurement using fibre-based femtosecond lasers

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates ultra-precise optical frequency synthesis and measurement using fibre-based femtosecond lasers, achieving high stability and accuracy suitable for optical clock comparisons over long distances.

Contribution

It introduces a fibre-based femtosecond frequency comb technique for stable and accurate optical frequency synthesis in the telecommunications band.

Findings

Frequency stability less than 2*10^{-15} at 1 second

Frequency uncertainty within 4 mHz when compared to caesium clock

Successful transfer of optical frequency standards to telecommunications wavelengths

Abstract

We report the synthesis and measurement of an ultra-precise and extremely stable optical frequency in the telecommunications window around 1543 nm. Using a fibre-based femtosecond frequency comb we have phase-stabilised a fibre laser at 194 THz to an optical frequency standard at 344 THz, thus transferring the properties of the optical frequency standard to another spectral region. Relative to the optical frequency standard, the synthesised frequency at 194 THz is determined to within 1 mHz and its fractional frequency instability is measured to be less than 2*10^{-15} at 1 s, reaching 5*10^{-18} after 8000 s. We also measured the synthesised frequency against a caesium fountain clock: here the frequency comparison itself contributes less than 4 mHz (2*10^{-17}) to the uncertainty. Our results confirm the suitability of fibre based frequency comb technology for precision measurements and frequency synthesis, and enable long-distance comparison of optical clocks by using optical fibres to transmit the frequency information.