Degree-one maps, surgery and four-manifolds

TL;DR

This paper characterizes degree-one maps between closed, oriented 3-manifolds using surgery on unknotted links and relates their existence to embeddings in specific 4-manifolds, connecting to topological field theories.

Contribution

It provides a surgery-based criterion for degree-one maps and links this to embeddings in 4-manifolds, offering new insights into 3- and 4-dimensional topology.

Findings

Degree-one maps correspond to surgeries on unknotted links.

Existence of degree-one maps is equivalent to certain embeddings in 4-manifolds.

Connects topological invariants to geometric constructions.

Abstract

We give a description of degree-one maps between closed, oriented 3-manifolds in terms of surgery. Namely, we show that there is a degree-one map from a closed, oriented 3-manifold $M$ to a closed, oriented 3-manifold $N$ if and only if $M$ can be obtained from $N$ by surgery about a link in $N$ each of whose components is an unknot. We use this to interpret the existence of degree-one maps between closed 3-manifolds in terms of smooth 4-manifolds. More precisely, we show that there is a degree-one map from $M$ to $N$ if and only if there is a smooth embedding of $M$ in $W=(N\times I)#_n \bar{\C P^2}#_m {\C P^2}$, for some $m\geq 0$, $n\geq 0$ which separates the boundary components of $W$. This is motivated by the relation to topological field theories, in particular the invariants of Ozsvath and Szabo.