Effects of dark matter annihilation on the first stars

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dark matter annihilation influences the evolution of the first stars, revealing transient dark star phases and potential long-term dark matter support depending on environmental factors.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of dark matter effects on Population III star evolution, highlighting mechanisms for energy support and their implications.

Findings

Dark matter annihilation can create a transient 'dark star' phase.

Scattering and capture of WIMPs can sustain stars indefinitely under certain conditions.

The evolution depends on dark matter halo environment and WIMP properties.

Abstract

We study the evolution of the first stars in the universe (Population III) from the early pre-Main Sequence until the end of helium burning in the presence of WIMP dark matter annihilation inside the stellar structure. The two different mechanisms that can provide this energy source are the contemporary contraction of baryons and dark matter, and the capture of WIMPs by scattering off the gas with subsequent accumulation inside the star. We find that the first mechanism can generate an equilibrium phase, previously known as a "dark star", which is transient and present in the very early stages of pre-MS evolution. The mechanism of scattering and capture acts later, and can support the star virtually forever, depending on environmental characteristic of the dark matter halo and on the specific WIMP model.