Ferromagnetic ordering in dilute magnetic dielectrics with and without free carriers

TL;DR

This paper reviews the current understanding of ferromagnetic ordering in transition metal doped oxides, highlighting how defects and doping conditions influence magnetic properties and ordering.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of experimental and theoretical findings on dilute magnetic dielectrics, emphasizing the role of defects and non-equilibrium states in magnetic behavior.

Findings

Doped oxide films can exhibit either ferromagnetism or inhomogeneous magnetic states.

Defects such as vacancies and interstitials are crucial in determining magnetic properties.

The magnetic ordering depends on the non-equilibrium state of the oxide films.

Abstract

The state of art in the theoretical and experimental studies of transition metal doped oxides (dilute magnetic dielectrics) is reviewed. The available data show that the generic non-equilibrium state of oxide films doped with magnetic impurities may either favor ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature or result in highly inhomogeneous state without long-range magnetic order. In both case concomitant defects (vacancies, interstitial ions play crucial part.