The ground states of baryoleptonic Q-balls in supersymmetric models

TL;DR

This paper investigates the ground states of baryoleptonic Q-balls in supersymmetric models, revealing that scalar fields can deviate from flat directions, leading to new stable configurations including charged and neutral Q-balls.

Contribution

It identifies the true ground states of baryoleptonic Q-balls, showing deviations from flat directions in supersymmetric models, and classifies their charge states.

Findings

Scalar fields can deviate from flat directions in Q-balls.

Identified true ground states including charged and neutral Q-balls.

Provides a detailed analysis of baryoleptonic Q-ball stability.

Abstract

In supersymmetric generalizations of the Standard Model, all stable Q-balls are associated with some flat directions. We show that, if the flat direction has both the baryon number and the lepton number, the scalar field inside the Q-ball can deviate slightly from the flat direction in the ground state. We identify the true ground states of such nontopological solitons, including the electrically neutral and electrically charged Q-balls.