The low-mass YSO CB230-A: investigating the protostar and its jet with NIR spectroscopy and Spitzer observations

TL;DR

This study investigates the physical properties of the low-mass YSO CB230-A and its jet using NIR spectroscopy and Spitzer data, revealing details about the jet's excitation mechanisms, density, and the YSO's evolutionary stage.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the jet excitation mechanisms, electron densities, and the evolutionary status of CB230-A through combined spectroscopic and photometric analysis.

Findings

Jet driven by CB230-A shows distinct [FeII] and H2 emission regions.

Electron densities in the jet are estimated between 6x10^3 and 1x10^4 cm^-3.

CB230-A is likely a Class 0/I YSO with an almost monopolar jet.

Abstract

A jet from the low-mass YSO CB230-A had been discovered in NIR narrow-band images. We aim to investigate the physical properties of the region from where the jet is launched. Our analysis was carried out using low-resolution NIR spectra acquired with the camera NICS at the TNG telescope, with JH and HK grisms and a 1 arcsec-wide slit. These observational data were complemented with infrared photometric data from the Spitzer space telescope archive. The relevant physical properties of CB230-A were constrained by SED fitting of fluxes from the NIR to the mm. The YSO spectrum exhibits a significant number of atomic and molecular emission and absorption features. The characteristics of this spectrum suggest that we are observing a region in the close vicinity of CB230-A, i. e. its photosphere and/or an active accretion disk. The spectra of the knots in the jet contain a large number of emission lines, including a rich set of [FeII] lines. Emission due to H2 and [FeII] are not spatially correlated, confirming that [FeII] and H2 are excited by different mechanisms, in agreement with the models where [FeII] traces dissociative J-shocks and molecular hydrogen traces slower C-shocks. By using intensity ratios involving density-sensitive [FeII] lines, we estimated the electron densities in the jet (6x10^3-1x10^4 cm^-3). This indicates either high density post-shock regions of ionised gas or regions with a high degree of ionisation. By combining the present data with previously obtained maps at NIR- and mm-wavelengths, the emerging scenario is that CB230-A is a Class 0/I YSO driving an atomic jet that is observed to be almost monopolar probably due to its inclination to the plane of the sky and the resulting higher extinction of its red side. This jet appears energetic enough to drive the molecular outflow observed in the mm.