Carriers of the mid-IR emission bands in PNe reanalysed. Evidence of a link between circumstellar and interstellar aromatic dust

TL;DR

This study reanalyzes mid-infrared emission features in planetary nebulae and HII regions, revealing links between circumstellar and interstellar aromatic dust, and proposing PAH^x as carriers of a characteristic emission band.

Contribution

It provides a detailed decomposition of mid-IR spectra in PNe, identifying new dust components and evolutionary processes, including the formation and processing of PAHs in different environments.

Findings

Mid-IR spectra of PNe can be decomposed into six components.

Identification of PAH^x as carriers of the 7.90 um band.

Evidence for formation of aromatic dust in evolved star envelopes.

Abstract

It has been shown that the diversity of the aromatic emission features can be rationalized into different classes of objects, in which differences between circumstellar and interstellar matter are emphasised. We probe the links between the mid-IR emitters observed in planetary nebulae (PNe) and their counterparts in the interstellar medium in order to probe a scenario in which the latter have been formed in the circumstellar environment of evolved stars. The mid-IR (6-14 um) emission spectra of PNe and compact HII regions were analysed on the basis of previous work on photodissociation regions (PDRs). Galactic, Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) objects were considered in our sample.We show that the mid-IR emission of PNe can be decomposed as the sum of six components. Some components made of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and very small grain (VSG) populations are similar to those observed in PDRs. Others are fitted in an evolutionary scenario involving the destruction of the aliphatic component observed in the post-AGB stage, as well as strong processing of PAHs in the extreme conditions of PNe that leads to a population of very large ionized PAHs. This species called PAH^x are proposed as the carriers of a characteristic band at 7.90 um. This band can be used as part of diagnostics that identify PNe in nearby galaxies and is also observed in galactic compact HII regions. These results support the formation of the aromatic very small dust particles in the envelopes of evolved stars, in the Milky Way, as well as in the LMC and SMC, and their subsequent survival in the interstellar medium.