Feedback topology and XOR-dynamics in Boolean networks with varying input structure

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the dynamics of fixed in-degree Boolean networks with varying input structures using XOR updates, revealing how feedback components influence system behavior and phase transitions.

Contribution

It provides analytical formulas and numerical analysis of feedback structures and phase transitions in Boolean networks with variable input fractions.

Findings

Feedback components are crucial for dynamics in XOR Boolean networks.

A phase transition separates tree-like and feedback-rich network regions.

Networks near the transition have disjoint loops with specific topological properties.

Abstract

We analyse a model of fixed in-degree Random Boolean Networks in which the fraction of input-receiving nodes is controlled by a parameter gamma. We investigate analytically and numerically the dynamics of graphs under a parallel XOR updating scheme. This scheme is interesting because it is accessible analytically and its phenomenology is at the same time under control, and as rich as the one of general Boolean networks. Biologically, it is justified on abstract grounds by the fact that all existing interactions play a dynamical role. We give analytical formulas for the dynamics on general graphs, showing that with a XOR-type evolution rule, dynamic features are direct consequences of the topological feedback structure, in analogy with the role of relevant components in Kauffman networks. Considering graphs with fixed in-degree, we characterize analytically and numerically the feedback regions using graph decimation algorithms (Leaf Removal). With varying gamma, this graph ensemble shows a phase transition that separates a tree-like graph region from one in which feedback components emerge. Networks near the transition point have feedback components made of disjoint loops, in which each node has exactly one incoming and one outgoing link. Using this fact we provide analytical estimates of the maximum period starting from topological considerations.