Thermodynamic Properties of $^{56,57}$Fe

TL;DR

This paper measures nuclear level densities of $^{56,57}$Fe using gamma-ray spectra, investigates their thermodynamic properties, and compares experimental results with microscopic model calculations to understand nuclear structure and pairing effects.

Contribution

It provides new experimental level density data for $^{56,57}$Fe and analyzes their thermodynamic properties, including Cooper pair breaking, with comparison to microscopic models.

Findings

Experimental level densities for $^{56,57}$Fe obtained from gamma-ray spectra.

Identification of Cooper pair breaking effects in nuclear thermodynamics.

Good agreement between experimental data and microscopic model calculations.

Abstract

Nuclear level densities for $^{56,57}$Fe have been extracted from the primary $\gamma$-ray spectra using ($^3$He,$^3$He$^{\prime}\gamma$) and ($^3$He,$\alpha \gamma$) reactions. Nuclear thermodynamic properties for $^{56}$Fe and $^{57}$Fe are investigated using the experimental level densities. These properties include entropy, Helmholtz free energy, caloric curves, chemical potential, and heat capacity. In particular, the breaking of Cooper pairs and single-quasiparticle entropy are discussed and shown to be important concepts for describing nuclear level density. Microscopic model calculations are performed for level densities of $^{56,57}$Fe. The experimental and calculated level densities are compared. The average number of broken Cooper pairs and the parity distribution are extracted as a function of excitation energy for $^{56,57}$Fe from the model calculations.