Critical heat flux around strongly-heated nanoparticles

TL;DR

This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore heat transfer from heated nanoparticles, revealing that curvature effects prevent boiling and lead to heat flux saturation at high temperatures, contrasting with flat interfaces.

Contribution

It demonstrates that nanoparticle curvature inhibits boiling and causes heat flux saturation, a novel insight into nanoscale heat transfer mechanisms.

Findings

Fluid near nanoparticle can be heated above boiling point without phase change.

Heat flux saturates at high nanoparticle temperatures, unlike flat interfaces.

Curvature-induced pressure inhibits vapor layer formation.

Abstract

We study heat transfer from a heated nanoparticle into surrounding fluid, using molecular dynamics simulations. We show that the fluid next to the nanoparticle can be heated well above its boiling point without a phase change. Under increasing nanoparticle temperature, the heat flux saturates which is in sharp contrast with the case of flat interfaces, where a critical heat flux is observed followed by development of a vapor layer and heat flux drop. These differences in heat transfer are explained by the curvature induced pressure close to the nanoparticle, which inhibits boiling. When the nanoparticle temperature is much larger than the critical fluid temperature, a very large temperature gradient develops resulting in close to ambient temperature just radius away from the particle surface