Tunneling properties of a bound pair of Fermi atoms in an optical lattice

TL;DR

This paper explores the tunneling behavior of bound Fermi atom pairs in optical lattices, revealing that unlike Hubbard model predictions, these pairs can tunnel without dissociation in the strong coupling regime, affecting superfluid transition temperatures.

Contribution

It demonstrates that molecular tunneling in optical lattices can occur without dissociation in the strong coupling regime, contrasting with Hubbard model predictions, and evaluates the impact on superfluid transition temperature.

Findings

Molecular tunneling with dissociation occurs in intermediate coupling.

Bound pairs tunnel without dissociation in strong coupling.

Finite molecular band mass affects superfluid transition temperature.

Abstract

We investigate tunneling properties of a bound pair of Fermi atoms in an optical lattice, comparing with results obtained in an attractive Hubbard model. In the strong coupling regime of the Hubbard model, it has been predicted that the motion of a bound pair between lattice sites is accompanied by virtual dissociation. To explore the possibility of this interesting phenomenon in optical lattice, we calculate molecular wavefunction in a cosine-shape periodic potential. We show that the molecular tunneling accompanied by dissociation occurs in the intermediate coupling regime of the optical lattice system. In the strong coupling regime, in contrast to the prediction in the Hubbard model, the bound pair is shown to tunnel through lattice potential without dissociation. As a result, the magnitude of molecular band mass M remains finite even in the strong coupling limit, which is in contrast to the diverging molecular mass in the case of the Hubbard model. Including this finite value of molecular band mass, we evaluate the superfluid phase transition temperature Tc in the BEC limit of the optical lattice system, where the Hubbard model gives Tc=0 due to the diverging molecular mass.