Implicit-Explicit Variational Integration of Highly Oscillatory Problems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel variational integrator for highly oscillatory mechanical problems that splits potentials at the action level, enabling longer time steps and stability improvements over traditional methods.

Contribution

The paper presents a new implicit-explicit variational integrator based on potential splitting at the Lagrangian level, reducing computational cost and eliminating resonance instabilities.

Findings

Allows longer time steps than standard explicit methods

Eliminates linear resonance instabilities in highly oscillatory systems

Accurately preserves slow energy exchange in coupled oscillators

Abstract

In this paper, we derive a variational integrator for certain highly oscillatory problems in mechanics. To do this, we take a new approach to the splitting of fast and slow potential forces: rather than splitting these forces at the level of the differential equations or the Hamiltonian, we split the two potentials with respect to the Lagrangian action integral. By using a different quadrature rule to approximate the contribution of each potential to the action, we arrive at a geometric integrator that is implicit in the fast force and explicit in the slow force. This can allow for significantly longer time steps to be taken (compared to standard explicit methods, such as St\"ormer/Verlet) at the cost of only a linear solve rather than a full nonlinear solve. We also analyze the stability of this method, in particular proving that it eliminates the linear resonance instabilities that can arise with explicit multiple-time-stepping methods. Next, we perform some numerical experiments, studying the behavior of this integrator for two test problems: a system of coupled linear oscillators, for which we compare against the resonance behavior of the r-RESPA method; and slow energy exchange in the Fermi--Pasta--Ulam problem, which couples fast linear oscillators with slow nonlinear oscillators. Finally, we prove that this integrator accurately preserves the slow energy exchange between the fast oscillatory components, which explains the numerical behavior observed for the Fermi--Pasta--Ulam problem.