Magnetic field measurements of O stars with FORS1 at the VLT

TL;DR

This study used spectropolarimetry to detect magnetic fields in 13 O stars, finding significant fields in only four, suggesting such magnetic fields are rare among these massive stars.

Contribution

First spectropolarimetric survey of O stars with FORS1 at VLT, demonstrating feasibility and providing initial magnetic field measurements in a sample of massive stars.

Findings

Magnetic fields detected in 4 out of 13 stars.

Largest magnetic field measured in HD148937: -276+-88G.

Large-scale organized magnetic fields >1kG are uncommon in O stars.

Abstract

The presence of magnetic fields in O-type stars has been suspected for a long time. The discovery of such fields would explain a wide range of well documented enigmatic phenomena in massive stars, in particular cyclical wind variability, H alpha emission variations, chemical peculiarity, narrow X-ray emission lines and non-thermal radio/X-ray emission. To investigate the incidence of magnetic fields in O stars, we acquired 38 new spectropolarimetric observations with FORS1 (FOcal Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph) mounted on the 8-m Kueyen telescope of the VLT. Spectropolarimetric observations have been obtained at different phases for a sample of 13 O stars. 10 stars were observed in the spectral range 348-589nm, HD36879 and HD148937 were observed in the spectral region 325-621nm, and HD155806 was observed in both settings. To prove the feasibility of the FORS1 spectropolarimetric mode for the measurements of magnetic fields in hot stars, we present in addition 12 FORS1 observations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field in theta^1 Ori C and compare them with measurements obtained with the MuSiCoS, ESPaDOnS and Narval spectropolarimeters. Most stars in our sample which have been observed on different nights show a change of the magnetic field polarity, but a field at a significance level of 3sigma has been detected only in four stars, HD36879, HD148937, HD152408, and HD164794. The largest longitudinal magnetic field, <B_z> = -276+-88G, was detected in the Of?p star HD148937. We conclude that large-scale organised magnetic fields with polar field strengths larger than 1kG are not widespread among O-type stars.