Can the spinning of elementary particles produce the rest energy mc2? The vortex model of elementary particles

TL;DR

This paper proposes a vortex model of elementary particles where spin is a real rotational motion of vacuum vortices, explaining particle mass, energy, and matter-antimatter duality through spinning dynamics and field interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a vortex-based model of particles that accounts for mass, energy, and matter-antimatter duality, linking spin to vacuum vortices and deriving gravitational effects from rotational field curvature.

Findings

Rest energy as kinetic energy of spinning motion

Invariance of radius-mass product explains particle mass from light

Chirality conservation accounts for matter-antimatter interactions

Abstract

The Dirac equation describes the motion of electrons in electromagnetic field, but it considers spin as intrinsic property without any real motion. We postulate spin as the intrinsic feature of vacuum, in which the incident electromagnetic radiation can create vortices with well defined spinning frequency and completely undefined axis of rotation. The vortices have finite surface determined by the spinning frequency that makes the peripheral speed equal to the velocity of light. According to the Lorentz equations of special relativity, the product of radius and mass of rotating objects is independent of the frequency of rotation and it is equal to 3/4h/2pic for all fermions. This invariance explains how the light with infinite spatial dimension and zero mass can produce finite mass and size for the particles in the pair-creation processes. The vortex model interprets the rest energy as the kinetic energy of spinning motion. The isotropic character of spinning can be represented by helical motion with right or left-handed chirality corresponding to the duality of matter and anti-matter. Conservation rule is proposed for the chirality explaining the electron-positron annihilation and the pair-creation processes. The vortex induced field rotation around the particle can reproduce the gravitational formula if the curvature of field is derived from the Lorentz contraction on the surface of rotating sphere. Generalized Hamiltonian is suggested for the fermions describing the spinning motion in the internal frame of particles, it reproduces the Dirac equation, when the rest energy is predominant.