Coupled Painlev\'e systems with affine Weyl group symmetry of types $A_7^{(2)},A_5^{(2)}$ and $D_4^{(3)}$

TL;DR

This paper introduces new higher-order Painlevé systems with specific affine Weyl group symmetries, expanding the classification and understanding of integrable systems in four dimensions.

Contribution

It presents the first examples of higher-order Painlevé equations of types A_{2l+5}^{(2)} and D_4^{(3)} with explicit symmetry and holomorphy conditions.

Findings

Constructed a four-parameter family of coupled Painlevé VI systems with A_7^{(2)} symmetry.

Derived a confluence process to Painlevé V and III systems with A_5^{(2)} symmetry.

Identified new systems with D_4^{(3)} symmetry and provided their symmetry and holomorphy conditions.

Abstract

We find a four-parameter family of coupled Painlev\'e VI systems in dimension four with affine Weyl group symmetry of type $A_7^{(2)}$. This is the first example which gave higher-order Painlev\'e equations of type $A_{2l+5}^{(2)}$. We then give an explicit description of a confluence process from this system to a 3-parameter family of coupled Painlev\'e V and III systems in dimension four with $W(A_5^{(2)})$-symmetry. For a degenerate system of $A_5^{(2)}$ system, we also find a two-parameter family of ordinary differential systems in dimension four with affine Weyl group symmetry of type $D_4^{(3)}$. This is the first example which gave higher-order Painlev\'e equations of type $D_4^{(3)}$. We show that for each system, we give its symmetry and holomorphy conditions. These symmetries, holomorphy conditions and invariant divisors are new.