Tevatron Electron Lenses: Design and Operation
Vladimir Shiltsev, Kip Bishofberger, Vsevolod Kamerdzhiev, Sergei, Kozub, Matthew Kufer, Gennady Kuznetsov, Alexander Martinez, Marvin Olson,, Howard Pfeffer, Greg Saewert, Vic Scarpine, Andrey Seryi, Nikolai Solyak,, Veniamin Sytnik, Mikhail Tiunov, Leonid Tkachenko
TL;DR
This paper details the design, operation, and successful implementation of electron lenses in the Tevatron collider to mitigate beam-beam effects that limit beam lifetime and stability.
Contribution
It introduces the design features and operational modes of the Tevatron electron lenses, demonstrating their effectiveness in beam-beam compensation.
Findings
Successful employment of electron lenses in Tevatron
Improved beam stability and lifetime
Detailed technical subsystem parameters
Abstract
The beam-beam effects have been the dominating sources of beam loss and lifetime limitations in the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider [1]. Electron lenses were originally proposed for compensation of electromagnetic long-range and head-on beam-beam interactions of proton and antiproton beams [2]. Results of successful employment of two electron lenses built and installed in the Tevatron are reported in [3,4,5]. In this paper we present design features of the Tevatron electron lenses (TELs), discuss the generation of electron beams, describe different modes of operation and outline the technical parameters of various subsystems.
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