The unusual pre-main-sequence star V718 Per (HMW 15)

TL;DR

V718 Per is a pre-main-sequence star with long-lasting, symmetric eclipses caused by an edge-on circumstellar disk, showing no evidence of a binary companion and exhibiting spectral line broadening due to dust scattering.

Contribution

This study provides detailed photometric and spectroscopic analysis of V718 Per, revealing its single-star nature and the properties of its circumstellar disk, contrasting with similar objects like KH 15D.

Findings

Eclipses are symmetric and persistent with normal interstellar extinction.

Spectroscopy indicates a primordial Li abundance and a temperature of about 5200 K.

No evidence of a binary companion; disk likely causes the eclipses.

Abstract

The remarkable pre-main-sequence object V718 Per (HMW 15, H187) in the young cluster IC 348 periodically undergoes long-lasting eclipses caused by variable amounts of circumstellar dust in the line-of-sight to the star. It has been speculated that the star is a close binary and similar to another unusual eclipsing object, KH 15D. We have submitted V718 Per to a detailed photometric and spectroscopic study to find out more about the properties of the stellar object and the occulting circumstellar material, and to look for signatures of a possible binary component. Our photometric data show that the eclipses are very symmetric and persistent, and that the extinction deviates only little from what is expected for normal interstellar material. The spectroscopic data, obtained at minimum as well as at maximum brightness, indicate a primordial abundance of Li and a surface effective temperature of about 5200 K. Remarkably, the in-eclipse spectrum shows a significant broadening of the photospheric absorption lines, as well as a weak increase in emission components of H-alpha and the Ca II IR triplet. We did not detect any atomic or molecular features from to the occulting body in the in-eclipse spectrum. We also found no evidence of radial velocity changes in V718 Per to within about +/- 80 m/s, which for an edge-on system corresponds to a maximum companion mass of 6 Jupiter masses. Our observations suggest that V718 Per is a single star, and thus very different from KH 15D. We conclude that V718 Per is surrounded by an edge-on circumstellar disk with an irregular mass distribution orbiting at a distance of 3.3 AU from the star, presumably at the inner disk edge. We ascribe the broadening of photospheric absorption lines during the eclipse to forward scattering of stellar light in the circumstellar dust feature.