Indications of Universal Excess Fluctuations in Nonequilibrium Systems

TL;DR

This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations to show that excess current fluctuations in nonequilibrium steady states behave like shot noise, suggesting a universal violation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation across various transport systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates, through simulations, that excess fluctuations in nonequilibrium conductors universally resemble shot noise, indicating a fundamental violation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation.

Findings

Excess fluctuations behave as shot noise at low frequencies.

The fluctuation-dissipation relation may be universally violated.

Simulation results support the universality of excess fluctuation behavior.

Abstract

The fluctuation in electric current in nonequilibrium steady states is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation of macroscopically uniform conductors. At low frequencies, appropriate decomposition of the spectral intensity of current into thermal and excess fluctuations provides a simple picture of excess fluctuations behaving as shot noise. This indicates that the fluctuation-dissipation relation may be violated in a universal manner by the appearance of shot noise for a wide range of systems with particle or momentum transport.