The Invention of Proteomic Code and mRNA Assisted Protein Folding

TL;DR

This paper proposes the Proteomic Code, an additional layer of genetic information in the redundancy of the genetic code, which influences protein folding and mRNA structure beyond amino acid specification.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of the Proteomic Code, explaining the biological significance of genetic code redundancy in protein structure and mRNA folding, which was previously unrecognized.

Findings

Redundancy encodes structural and interaction information.

It regulates mRNA folding energy and structure.

Provides a new explanation for genetic code's evolution.

Abstract

Background The theoretical requirements for a genetic code were well defined and modeled by George Gamow and Francis Crick in the 50-es. Their models failed. However the valid Genetic Code, provided by Nirenberg and Matthaei in 1961, ignores many theoretical requirements for a perfect Code. Something is simply missing from the canonical Code. Results The 3x redundancy of the Genetic code is usually explained as a necessity to increase the resistance of the mutation resistance of the genetic information. However it has many additional roles. 1.) It has a periodical structure which corresponds to the physico-chemical and structural properties of amino acids. 2.) It provides physico-chemical definition of codon boundaries. 3.) It defines a code for amino acid co-locations (interactions) in the coded proteins. 4.) It regulates, through wobble bases the free folding energy (and structure) of mRNAs. I shortly review the history of the Genetic Code as well as my own published observations to provide a novel, original explanation of its redundancy. Conclusions The redundant Genetic Code contains biological information which is additional to the 64/20 definition of amino acids. This additional information is used to define the 3D structure of coding nucleic acids as well as the coded proteins and it is called the Proteomic Code and mRNA Assisted Protein Folding.