Entanglement, randomness and chaos

TL;DR

This paper reviews the relationship between entanglement, randomness, and chaos in quantum systems, focusing on efficient generation of entangled states, robustness under noise, and decoherence effects in chaotic environments.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of how quantum chaotic maps generate entanglement efficiently and explores their robustness and implications for quantum information and classicality emergence.

Findings

Quantum chaotic maps efficiently generate near-maximal entanglement.

Entanglement robustness decreases with noise in quantum chaotic systems.

Chaotic environments induce decoherence through entanglement with the system.

Abstract

Entanglement is not only the most intriguing feature of quantum mechanics, but also a key resource in quantum information science. The entanglement content of random pure quantum states is almost maximal; such states find applications in various quantum information protocols. The preparation of a random state or, equivalently, the implementation of a random unitary operator, requires a number of elementary one- and two-qubit gates that is exponential in the number n_q of qubits, thus becoming rapidly unfeasible when increasing n_q. On the other hand, pseudo-random states approximating to the desired accuracy the entanglement properties of true random states may be generated efficiently, that is, polynomially in n_q. In particular, quantum chaotic maps are efficient generators of multipartite entanglement among the qubits, close to that expected for random states. This review discusses several aspects of the relationship between entanglement, randomness and chaos. In particular, I will focus on the following items: (i) the robustness of the entanglement generated by quantum chaotic maps when taking into account the unavoidable noise sources affecting a quantum computer; (ii) the detection of the entanglement of high-dimensional (mixtures of) random states, an issue also related to the question of the emergence of classicality in coarse grained quantum chaotic dynamics; (iii) the decoherence induced by the coupling of a system to a chaotic environment, that is, by the entanglement established between the system and the environment.