Electric Charge Quantization in Standard Model

TL;DR

This paper derives the quantization of electric charge within the Standard Model by analyzing hypercharges, parity invariance, and anomaly cancellation, confirming standard charge values.

Contribution

It provides a theoretical derivation of electric charge quantization in the Standard Model considering arbitrary hypercharges and anomaly cancellation conditions.

Findings

Fermion charges match standard values

Charge quantization derived from anomaly cancellation

Hypercharge assignments consistent with observed charges

Abstract

In the framework of Standard Model for the arbitrary values of Higgs and fermions fields hypercharges, taking into account parity invariance of electromagnetic interaction, expressions for the fermions charges, testifying the electric charge quantization are obtained. From the chiral anomalies cancellation condition within one family of leptons and quarks, numerical values of fermions charges, coinciding with standard values of charges have been obtained.