Competing order, Fermi surface reconstruction, and quantum oscillations in underdoped high temperature superconductors

TL;DR

This paper models incommensurate $d$-density wave order in underdoped high-temperature superconductors to explain quantum oscillation experiments, predicting specific Fermi surface features and symmetry-breaking effects.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical framework for incommensurate $d$-density wave order that aligns with recent quantum oscillation data in underdoped cuprates.

Findings

Predicted quantum oscillation frequencies at 530 T, 1650 T, and 250 T.

Fermi surface reconstruction consistent with experimental observations.

Incommensurate $d$-density wave breaks time reversal and inversion symmetries.

Abstract

We consider incommensurate $d$-density wave order in underdoped high temperature superconductors. We find that Fermi surface reconstruction can correctly capture the phenomenology of the recent quantum oscillation experiments that suggest incommensurate order. The predicted frequencies are a frequency around 530 T arising from the electron pocket, a hole frequency at around 1650 T, and a new low frequency from a smaller hole pocket at 250 T for which there are some indications that require further investigation. The oscillation corresponding to the electron pocket will be further split due to bilayer coupling but the splitting is sufficiently small to require more refined measurements. The truly incommensurate $d$-density wave breaks both time reversal and inversion but the product of these two symmetry operations is preserved. There is some similarity of our results with the spiral spin density wave order, which, as pointed out by Overhauser, also breaks time reversal and inversion. Calculations corresponding to higher order commensuration produces results similar to anti-phase spin stripes, but appear to us to be an unlikely explanation of the experiments. The analysis of the Gorkov equation in the mixed state shows that the oscillation frequencies are unshifted from the putative normal state and the additional Dingle factor arising from the presence of the mixed state can provide a subtle distinction between the spiral spin density wave and the $d$-density wave.