Physics of Strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma

TL;DR

This review summarizes current theoretical understanding of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma, focusing on hydrodynamics, lattice data, and gauge-string duality, and explores fundamental questions about its properties and experimental tests.

Contribution

It provides an interdisciplinary overview of sQGP, integrating hydrodynamics, lattice QCD, and AdS/CFT insights, highlighting recent progress and open questions.

Findings

Hydrodynamics explains RHIC data effectively.

Lattice data can be described using electric-magnetic duality.

AdS/CFT offers predictions testable by experiments.

Abstract

This review cover our current understanding of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP), especially theoretical progress in (i) explaining the RHIC data by hydrodynamics, (ii) describing lattice data using electric-magnetic duality; (iii) understanding of gauge-string duality known as AdS/CFT and its application for "conformal" plasma. In view of interdisciplinary nature of the subject, we include brief introduction into several topics "for pedestrians". Some fundamental questions addressed are: Why is sQGP such a good liquid? What is the nature of (de)confinement and what do we know about ''magnetic'' objects creating it? Do they play any important role in sQGP physics? Can we understand the AdS/CFT predictions, from the gauge theory side? Can they be tested experimentally? Can AdS/CFT duality help us understand rapid equilibration/entropy production? Can we work out a complete dynamical "gravity dual" to heavy ion collisions?