Theory and laboratory tests of the multi-stage phase mask coronagraph

TL;DR

This paper introduces a multi-stage chromatic Four Quadrant Phase Mask coronagraph designed for the European Extremely Large Telescope's planet finder, demonstrating laboratory feasibility for high-contrast exoplanet detection.

Contribution

It proposes a novel multi-stage FQPM coronagraph combining chromatic correction with high rejection, and provides laboratory validation of its performance.

Findings

Detection at the 10^-10 level in monochromatic light

Detection of a faint companion below 10^-8 with >20% bandwidth

Preliminary results support its application in the EPICS instrument

Abstract

A large number of coronagraphs have been proposed to overcome the ratio that exists between the star and its planet. The planet finder of the Extremely Large Telescope, which is called EPICS, will certainly need a more efficient coronagraph than the ones that have been developed so far. We propose to use a combination of chromatic Four Quadrant Phase Mask coronagraph to achromatize the dephasing of the device while maintaining a high rejection performance. After describing this multi-stage FQPM coronagraph, we show preliminary results of a study on its capabilities in the framework of the EPICS instrument, the planet finder of the European Extremely Large Telescope. Eventually, we present laboratory tests of a rough prototype of a multi-stage four-quadrant phase mask. On one hand, we deduce from our laboratory data that a detection at the 10^-10 level is feasible in monochromatic light. On the other hand, we show the detection of a laboratory companion fainter than 10^-8 with a spectral bandwidth larger than 20%.