A Geometrical Characterization of the Twin Paradox and its Variants
Gergely Szekely

TL;DR
This paper offers a logical and geometrical analysis of the twin paradox in special relativity, clarifying its assumptions and logical relations with other principles.
Contribution
It provides a first-order logic framework and geometrical characterization of the twin paradox and its variants, clarifying their logical relationships.
Findings
TwP is not equivalent to clock slowing assumptions.
Lack of TwP is not equivalent to absolute time.
TwP's relation to a symmetry axiom is analyzed.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a logic-based conceptual analysis of the twin paradox (TwP) theorem within a first-order logic framework. A geometrical characterization of TwP and its variants is given. It is shown that TwP is not logically equivalent to the assumption of the slowing down of moving clocks, and the lack of TwP is not logically equivalent to the Newtonian assumption of absolute time. The logical connection between TwP and a symmetry axiom of special relativity is also studied.
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