Static Universe: Infinite, Eternal and Self-Sustainable

TL;DR

This paper proposes a static, infinite universe model based on stellar dynamics, explaining cosmic phenomena like redshift and background radiation through gravitational effects, challenging the expanding universe paradigm.

Contribution

It introduces a novel static universe model with a specific matter distribution and derives explanations for redshift and cosmic background radiation as gravitational phenomena.

Findings

Derives a mathematical expression for Hubble's law from gravitational effects.

Provides an approximate calculation of Cosmic Background Radiation as gravitationally redshifted starlight.

Suggests a static, eternal universe structure contrary to expanding universe theories.

Abstract

In this paper, we present a "stellar dynamics" model of an infinite Universe, where matter distribution follows an inverse proportionality squared relationship with respect to the distance from the rotation center of galaxy clusters and superclusters (which share a common rotation center). We assume the Universe has infinite similar centers in terms of structure and dynamic equilibrium. We consider stars in galaxies to be homogeneously distributed with spherical symmetry and average radius, and the same applies to galaxies in the Universe. We study the smoothed potential of this universe and examine the effect of gravity on starlight: by applying the equivalence principle, we derive a mathematical expression for Hubble's law and a formula for its redshift, potentially explaining this phenomenon as a gravitational effect. We also provide an approximate calculation of Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR), assuming this radiation is the light from all the universe's stars reaching us with an extreme redshift caused by gravity. theory, postulating in consequence a new theory about the structure of the Universe: static, infinite, eternal and self-sustainable.