Quantum information with single fermions: teleportation and fermion-boson entanglement conversion

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that fermionic entanglement, despite superselection rules, can be used for quantum teleportation and dense coding within the second quantization framework, establishing an analogy with bosonic entanglement.

Contribution

It shows that fermionic modes can be used for quantum information tasks like teleportation and entanglement conversion, extending quantum information theory to fermions.

Findings

Fermionic entanglement enables teleportation of fermion modes.

Fermionic entanglement can be concentrated and diluted.

Analogies between fermionic and bosonic entanglement are established.

Abstract

While single boson entanglement is known to be equivalent to standard non-identical particle entanglement, the use of fermionic entanglement is constrained by a parity superselection rule. Nevertheless we show that within the framework of second quantization, where local modes play the role of qubits, the analogy with ordinary entanglement holds: two entangled spinless fermion modes can be used to teleport a single local fermion mode and to perform standard dense coding. Entanglement concentration and dilution are possible for fermions. We clarify the meaning of our results by discussing the connection with quantum reference frames and conversion between spinless fermion entanglement and spinless boson entanglement.