Performance of the combined zero degree calorimeter for CMS
O A Grachov, M Murray, J Snyder, J Wood, V Zhukova (Departments of, Physics, Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA), A S Ayan, P, Debbins, D F Ingram, E Norbeck, Y Onel (Department of Physics, Astronomy,, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

TL;DR
The paper evaluates the performance of the combined zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) used in CMS at CERN, highlighting its design, placement, and capabilities for detecting forward particles in high-energy collisions.
Contribution
It presents the design, implementation, and performance results of the combined ZDC for CMS, including test beam studies at CERN SPS.
Findings
ZDC effectively detects very forward photons and neutrons.
Performance studies demonstrate suitability for physics measurements.
ZDC improves collision centrality determination in heavy-ion collisions.
Abstract
The combined zero degree calorimeter (ZDC) is a combination of sampling quartz/tungsten electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. Two identical combined calorimeters are located in the LHC tunnel at CERN at the straight section ~140 m on each side of the CMS interaction vertex and between the two beam pipes. They will detect very forward photons and neutrons. ZDC information can be used for a variety of physics measurements as well as improving the collision centrality determination in heavy-ion collisions. Results are presented for ZDC performance studies with the CERN SPS H2 test beam.
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