LGS AO Science Impact: Present and Future Perspectives

TL;DR

Laser guide star adaptive optics has rapidly advanced ground-based high-resolution astronomy, significantly increasing scientific output and impacting various research areas, though its full potential and limitations are still being understood.

Contribution

This paper reviews recent progress, data quality, and future prospects of LGS AO, highlighting its growing scientific impact and identifying current capabilities and challenges.

Findings

Publication rate increased tenfold in recent years

LGS AO has significantly impacted multiple astronomical research areas

Current data quality enables diverse scientific measurements

Abstract

The recent advent of laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) on the largest ground-based telescopes has enabled a wide range of high angular resolution science, previously infeasible from ground-based and/or space-based observatories. As a result, scientific productivity with LGS has seen enormous growth in the last few years, with a factor of ~10 leap in publication rate compared to the first decade of operation. Of the 54 refereed science papers to date from LGS AO, half have been published in the last ~2 years, and these LGS results have already made a significant impact in a number of areas. At the same time, science with LGS AO can be considered in its infancy, as astronomers and instrumentalists are only beginning to understand its efficacy for measurements such as photometry, astrometry, companion detection, and quantitative morphology. We examine the science impact of LGS AO in the last few years of operations, largely due to the new system on the Keck II 10-meter telescope. We review currently achieved data quality, including results from our own ongoing brown dwarf survey with Keck LGS. We assess current and near-future performance with a critical eye to LGS AO's capabilities and deficiencies. From both qualitative and quantitative considerations, it is clear that the era of regular and important science from LGS AO has arrived.