Non-conformality and non-perfectness of fluid near phase transition

TL;DR

This paper studies the thermodynamic and transport properties of a real scalar field theory near phase transition, revealing non-conformality and non-perfect fluid behavior, with surprising agreement to lattice QCD results at strong coupling.

Contribution

It demonstrates that a simple scalar model can replicate complex QCD behavior near phase transition, highlighting non-conformality and fluid imperfections.

Findings

Thermodynamic properties match lattice QCD results at strong coupling.

System exhibits non-conformal behavior near phase transition.

Fluid behaves as a non-perfect fluid with viscosity and other transport features.

Abstract

We investigate the thermodynamic and transport properties of the real scalar field theory at weak as well as strong couplings in the Hartree approximation of Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) formalism. To our surprise, we find that near phase transition, all the thermodynamic and transport properties of the simplest real scalar model at certain strong coupling agree well with the lattice results of the complex QCD system. We also demonstrate that the system near phase transition is non-conformal, and behaves as a non-perfect fluid.