Ion irradiation induced direct damage to DNA

TL;DR

This paper reviews how ion irradiation causes direct chemical damage to DNA, leading to mutations or cell death, with implications for radiobiology and cancer therapy.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical mechanisms of DNA damage induced by ion beams, combining literature review and recent experimental findings.

Findings

Ion irradiation causes radical formation and atomic displacement in DNA.

Damage processes include bond scissions, fragment emission, and crosslinking.

These effects can lead to genetic mutations or cell death.

Abstract

Ion beams have been widely applied in a few biological research fields such as radioactive breeding, health protection, and tumor therapy. Up to now many interesting and impressive achievements in biology and agriculture have been made. Over the past several decades, scientists in biology, physics, and chemistry have pursued investigations focused on understanding the mechanisms of these radiobiological effects of ion beams. From the chemical point of view, these effects are due to the ion irradiation induced biomolecular damage, direct or indirect. In this review, we will present a chemical overview of the direct effects of ion irradiation upon DNA and its components, based on a review of literature combined with recent experimental results. It is suggested that, under ion bombardment, a DNA molecule undergoes a variety of processes, including radical formation, atomic displacement, intramolecular bond-scissions, emission of fragments, fragment recombination and molecular crosslink, which may lead to genetic mutations or cell death. This may help to understand the mechanisms of the radiobiological effects caused by ion irradiation, such as radiation breeding and tumor therapy.