The exact interpretation of mass differences in upper part of the charmonium spectrum

TL;DR

This paper interprets mass differences in the upper charmonium spectrum using harmonic quarks and oscillators, providing precise explanations for most observed mass differences and recalculating several meson masses.

Contribution

It introduces a novel interpretation of charmonium mass differences through harmonic quark models, linking mesons into two groups and recalculating their masses with good agreement to experimental data.

Findings

Five of seven mass differences with $ ext{ψ}(4415)$ are precisely explained.

The upper spectrum divides into two groups connected by harmonic quarks.

Recalculated masses align well with experimental measurements.

Abstract

Mass differences of the charmonium mesons $\psi$(3770), $X$(3872), $\chi$(3929), $X$(3940), $\psi$(4040), $\psi$(4160), $X$(4259) and $\psi$(4415) have been studied. The analysis of data has shown, 5 of 7 mass differences with $\psi$(4415) are precisely interpreted by using of harmonic quarks and their complete oscillators. Upper part of the charmonium spectrum consists of two groups. Except for two particles ($\psi$(3770) and $\psi$(4040)) connected among themselves, the others 5 particles are connected with a meson $\psi$(4415). The levels are separated by elementary groups of harmonic quarks and completed oscillators. Experimental and calculated data are in the good consent. The masses of mesons $\psi$(4415), $X$(4260), $\psi$(4160), $X$(3943) and $\chi$(3929) were recalculated. The second group demonstrates that harmonic quarks can also well work below threshold $D\bar{D}$.